Distinguish Between Crime as a Social and a Sociological...

In this essay we shall look at what crime is, what social problems are, and what sociological problems are , how they overlap and we will also look into what sociologists do and look into Robert Merton’s strain theory, and also other sociologists views like William Chambliss’s ‘roughnecks and saints’. A crime is the breaking of certain rules laid out by a society i.e. the Government. Crime is said to be ‘activities that break the law and are subject to official punishment (Holborn and Haralambos, 2000, pg. 330) All social norms are accompanied by sanctions that promote conformity and protect against non-conformity. A sanction is any reaction from others to the behaviour of an individual or group that is meant to ensure compliance to a†¦show more content†¦He wanted to show how deviant identities are produced through labelling rather through deviant motivations and behaviours (Giddens, 2001, pg. 210). Becker saw deviance as a process and that an act of deviance can only be deviant when someone breaks the law and is held accountable for such an act. Once you are convicted and labelled as a delinquent or deviant, that person is stigmatised and is probably considered as untrustworthy by people and prospective employers (Becker citied in Giddens, 2009).due to having this label, the deviant adopts the label and this can lead to further deviant acts, Another theorist William Chambliss, whose study on ‘saints and sinners’ showed the difference between crime and class. ‘The saints’ who are people that are very high up in society like judges, politicians, or doctors and ‘the roughnecks’ who are people that are of working class and lower. Road sweepers, shop assistant, or van driver. If someone from both classes commits the same crime, the person who is from ‘the saints’ would not get the same punishment or stigma as the person in ‘the roughnecks’. This would be because ‘the roughnecks’ would have very little power in society due to labelling. Labelling helps towards the segregation (or separation) of the classes. The offence would be seen as a lot worse than that of ‘the saint’. ‘The saints’ would be the people who implicate the laws and they have the power to label the

Evolution of Management - 1083 Words

Evolution of Management The evolution of management can be divided into three distinct era’s. The Pre-Classical Era, Classical era and Neo-classical era. Pre-Classical Era From the Biblical times we find monarchies of the time use some form of management to lord over the great kingdoms such as the Egyptians who used hierarchy management to build the pyramids, Moses leading the Israelites through the desert to the promised land and King David when he was in charge of the kingdom of Israel. In Ancient civilizations, the Roman Empire made use of devolved government to manage the vast empires resources. This was done through governors’ who were in charge of certain areas as we see in the bible during the birth of Jesus Christ. We can find†¦show more content†¦Organizations are to treat all employees and customers equally and not be influenced by differences. Weber’s principles on organizing can create stable, organized and systematic organizations but make it difficult for the organization to adapt to changing environments and new challenges. Neo-Classical Era Operations Management (Research) Operations management, also known as quantitative management, gives a quantitative basis for decision making. It is characterised by the search for the optimal answer to a problem by using quantitative models. It specially deals with the development of mathematical models to aid in decision making and problem solving. This theory holds that managing is a logical and rationale process, so it can be expressed in terms of mathematical models. Systems Management Lurdwin Von Bartalanffy is considered as one of the founders of general systems theory. Together with Chester Barnard, they urged that organizations are open systems with interacting components. Organizations affect the environment and the environment affects them, hence they are interdependent. Open Systems are characterized by a combination of parts whose relations make them interdependent. There are 10 characteristics ofShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Management1893 Words   |  8 PagesEvolution of Management By Jason Kolff American Public University January 27, 2008 In this paper I will be explaining the evolution of management from the beginning of the industrial revolution to present which includesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Sport Management1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe evolution of sport management Comparatively, the field of sport management is a rather new academic discipline (Chalip, 2006), which has faced some challenges in terms of justifying its importance in the academic world. Nonetheless, Chalip (2006) believes it was an unavoidable course for the evolution of sport management. Mullin (1980) defined the sport manager as follows: ‘A person whose job entails planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling to be performed within the contextRead MoreEssay on Evolution of Management649 Words   |  3 Pagespast hundred years management has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that managers face today. Modern managers use many of the practices, principles, and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences. The evolution of management though the decadesRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Practice929 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of Management The Origins of Management Practice and How They Play a Role Today The origins of classical management practices plays a role in today’s management beliefs due to the fact that they overlap each other. As a classical management skill was invented and exercised, the faults in a particular management skill were studied. As business evolved so did the managerial skills needed to perform the tasks needed. A new management field would be invented, using the best of the olderRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Theory1153 Words   |  5 Pages Detailed Summary Management theory constantly evolves when there are new ideas or when there is and intention of attempts of transforming the theory. Hence this theory can also be called as the â€Å"condensed theory† To know the history of the management theory is the fundamental task (Sarshar, 2002). The evolution of management began after the industrial revolution had occurred in Europe and America, which was in the end of the 19th century. During the evolution of the management theory, there wereRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Studies1116 Words   |  5 Pages The evolution in management studies has grown significantly due to the appearance of the information technologies. In contrast, the classic management practices became less effective in many organisations. Historically, the industrial revolution generated most of the managerial principles. For instance, the financial department concern about the return on investment, while the marketing department focuses in the marginal profit and market shares. The strategic division pursue a competitive positioningRead MoreThe Evolution Of Quality Management1564 Words   |  7 PagesI always enjoy reading about the history of something because it tends to show you the evolution of it. In this case, the evolution of ‘Qualit y’ is there. In the definition of quality in Chapter 2, Feigenbaum and Crosby both state what they think is the contributing part of quality. Feigenbaum believes that meeting the customers’ expectations is the key, while Crosby feels that if you put an impeccable product out, then that’s quality. However, Goetsch and Davis define a hybrid version of FeigenbaumRead MoreThe Evolution of Management Thought2221 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of Management Thought Khalil Said University of Phoenix The Evolution of Management Thought The evolution of management thoughts and theories in modern management thinking began in the nineteenth century and continued during the twentieth. The need to define management and the role of managers led to the foundation of management theories through experience of the pioneer thinkers. Classical management theory focused on dividing the labors and tasks execution. Classical eraRead MoreThe Evolution Of Management Theory1026 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The evolution of management has been changed many times since the early 1900’s. Many different management theories have been developed, the external factor also changing at the same time, such as the technology and the nature of career. The main theories include classical theory, neoclassical theory, modern systems theory, contingency (or decision) theory, and chaos theory. In the earliest management theories, efficiency was thought to be the most important. However, in today’s workplace;Read MoreThe Evolution Of Personnel Management Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: HRM is a modern term for which traditionally been referred to as personnel management. Four key developments in the evolution of personnel management: 1. Industrial revolution era: prior to this revolution individuals use to manufacture from their home and Child labour was common. This revolution began with the invention of new manufacturing machinery which altered the nature of the society. There was ready availability of labours. Workers get higher wages than earned before. Working

The Vivienne Westwood Free Essays

* Vivienne Westwood British fashion designer and business woman largely responsible for bringing modern punk into the main stream. * In 1971, she opened a shop with her boy friend Malcolm McLaren called â€Å"let it rock† at 430 Kings Road. They sold brothel creeper shoes and draped jacket. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vivienne Westwood or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her inspiration was the 50’s music and clothing. * In 1972, the shop was rebranded with skull and crossbones and renamed as â€Å"Too fast to live, too young to die†. The designer’s interests had turned to biker clothing, zips and leather. Westwood and McLaren began to design t-shirts with provocative messages. Westwood was deeply inspired by the punk fashion phenomenon of the 1970s, saying â€Å"I was messianic about punk, seeing if one could put a spoke in the system in some way. â€Å"The punk style† included BDSM fashion, bondage gear, safety pins, and razor blades, bicycle chains on clothing and spiked dog collars for jewelry, as well as outrageous make-up and hair. * By 1974, the shop was renamed â€Å"sex†. It was intimidating and attracted extraordinary clientele. The shop’s slogan was- rubber wear for the office. In 1980, shop got its final name i. e. â€Å"The world’s end† which is still open and owned by Vivienne Westwood. Vivienne Westwood’s designs got popular when McLaren became the manager of a British rock band called the sex pistols. They wore clothes which were designed by Westwood. The designs were inspired from prostitutes and bikers. * Pirates collection was the first ever catwalk at Olympia in spring 1981. It was a unisex collection. This line was inspired from Native Americans and ethnic cuts. The pants were loose from the hip area. The garments were asymmetrical. The clothes evoked the golden age of piracy, an age of highwaymen. The collection immediately entered the mainstream. The buffalo girls in 1982 marked the the opening of their second shop named â€Å"Nostalgia of mud†. This collection was all about huge tattered skirts and sheep skin jackets in muddy colours. The emphasis was put on the over printed natural fabrics. The whole collection had a raw feel to it. The inspiration was the dancing Peruvian women. In this collection bra was worn as an outer garment. Her relationship with Malcolm McLaren ended right after this. * Westwood found magic in the work of the New York graffiti artist Keith Haring. This was printed in fluorescent colours on backgrounds that resembled firework paper. In 1983, She created a collection named witches which had Haring’s artwork on it. It featured t-shirts, oversized jackets and coats, double-breasted jackets. * Client Eastwood, It included garments smothered in Italian company logos and Day-Glo patches inspired by Tokyo’s neon signs. These were use to fill up the empty spaces on the garment which was a trend in those days. * Harris Tweed was a Tailored and childish look collection by Westwood in 1987. The Inspirations were royalty, British fabrics, especially wool and black velvet which had provided all the uniforms of the British Empire. This was followed by Voyage to Cythera; this collection was named after a Watteau painting. Inspirations were Watteau, Comedian del Arte and Ballets Ruses . * The Inspirations for the portrait collection were the various Oil paintings. She tired to portray the painting textures and wealth into her garments. * Cut and Slash in 1991, In this collection she Slashed fabric like satin, cotton, denim. She was inspired from the 16th century mania for cutting and pricking fabric which lasted for 200 years and the battles. The collection consisted of gowns and knit wear jackets. * at the time of Gainsborough the French became mad about English tailoring and the spontaneity of country charm. Vivienne believes that fashion is a combination and exchange of ideas between France and England, â€Å"On the English side we have tailoring and an easy charm, on the French side that solidity of design and proportion that comes from never being satisfied because something can always become more refined. † Hence she created a collection named Anglomania in 1993. Vive la Cocotte was a brand new silhouette collection, the ultimate hourglass figure with padded bust and bustle now constructed out of a light weight metal cage. It was worn with Extremely high platforms. * After this, she kept historicism to one side, Westwood returned to a more asexual cut, exploring the natural dynamic of the fabric by treating it like a living mass . he came out with various labels like gold label, red label, wild beauty etc. choosing different titles explains her forte in the industry. * The glod label was inspired from fairy tales. Hence the collection was known was prince charming. * At Naomi Campbell’s request we designed a special tee-shirt – called â€Å"Vital Statistics† – for her charity Fashion for Relief. Right now this charity is working with the White Ribbon Alliance which supports the 240,000 pregnant women and mothers of new-born babies with 0 support in Haiti. This tee-shirt is available to buy at the show venue or through our shops and on the website * The red label is about being romantic and artistic. The woman is an art lover. Art gives meaning to her life and courage to face the world. * She also designed a wedding gown for Jessica parker in the movie sex and the city. Which became a hit. She was also one of the script writers too. * Her work is very similar to a indain based designer called manish arora, * They both are loud, vibrant, loves to think out of the box etc. How to cite The Vivienne Westwood, Essay examples